ECU function on car

ECU function on car

July 13, 2022

ECU stands for Electronic Control Unit. In general, the working principle of the ECU is similar to the working principle of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of a computer. Receive input, process input data, then issue output.

In vehicles, the ECU will calculate the data or information obtained from various existing sensors. Then the ECU will process the received data for further action by running the actuators which are also installed on the vehicle.

ECU function on car

That way, all engine working conditions can be controlled by the ECU so that the goal of getting optimal engine performance, fuel efficiency, and low emissions can be achieved without compromising driving comfort.

Well, in the following article, ombro will tell you what the functions of the ECU are on the car. Check out the ECU function on the car below:

1. Regulate the need for fuel supply for the engine

The function of the ECU in the first car is to regulate the need for fuel supply for the engine from before it starts until it is used for driving such as during acceleration, deceleration, idling to when the vehicle is used for heavy loads.

The ECU will control the entire injection time and the volume of fuel used by the engine. This setting is done through an actuator that we have known as an injector. Open and close the injector valve is controlled by the ECU, the duration of the valve opening will affect the volume of fuel injected.

In addition, the ECU also regulates the fuel pump in the tank to maintain the fuel pressure to be injected by the injector.

2. Set the ignition timing of the spark plugs (igniton timing)

The next function of the ECU is to adjust and control the ignition timing of the spark plugs (ignition timing). In order for the engine to start and work normally in every engine working condition, the spark ignition timing must be set such that for example during acceleration, the ECU will advance the spark ignition timing to compensate for the increase in engine rpm.

That way, the combustion that occurs in the engine cylinder remains close to perfect ideal combustion. This means that the power generated by the engine can also be maintained. The part that is controlled directly by the ECU to regulate the ignition timing of this spark plug is the igniter and car coil.

3. Adjust the engine idling speed

The third function of the ECU is to adjust the idling speed. This idling speed needs to be adjusted to keep the engine running after changes in engine speed and load occur. The ECU directly controls the Idle speed control servo (intake air valve) component in the throttle body.

This idle speed control servo will open the vent cap for idling speed in the throttle body to suit the needs of the engine. From here, the engine idling speed is always regulated by the ECU to remain stable despite changes in engine load rotation while the engine is running.

4. Regulate exhaust emissions

Another function of the ECU is to regulate the exhaust emission system of the vehicle. Car engines were developed to be environmentally friendly with less pollution. One of them is the control and correction of exhaust emissions in vehicle engines.

The ECU will check the level of oxygen that comes out of the exhaust gases flowing in the exhaust manifold. If less, then the ECU will control the amount of fuel injected to make less and create more oxygen content than before.

Vice versa, if the oxygen content in the exhaust gas is more, the ECU will regulate fuel injection to create optimal engine power. The sensor used by the ECU for this function is the oxygen sensor.

5. Adjust valve opening time according to engine condition

The fifth function of the ECU is to adjust the valve opening time according to the engine rpm rotation conditions. We know this technology as VVTi, MIVEC, VTEC, and others.

By using the Oil Control Valve, the ECU controls the time and duration of the valve opening both intake and exhaust at each engine working steps according to the current rotation so that more optimum engine power is obtained.

6. Integration and coordination with other computers in the car

The sixth function of the ECU is to integrate and coordinate with various other computers in the car for different systems. As it is known that in modern cars, you can now find more than 2 control units in one vehicle such as automatic transmission computers, ABS computers, SRS Airbag computers, and so on.

Here are some examples of computers on other systems that are integrated and coordinated with the ECU

Automatic Transmission Control Unit ; coordination to arrange automatic transmission

ABS Control Unit; coordination to regulate ABS brake work

SRS airbag control unit; coordination tour work SRS airbag

HSA Control units; coordination to arrange hill start assist

Immobilizer Control Unit; coordination to arrange car key identification

Stability Control Unit ; coordination to regulate vehicle stability

7. Information center to the driver if there is a malfunction

The next function of the ECU is as an information center to the driver in the event of a malfunction in the system and components controlled by the ECU. The ECU will give an error signal in the form of the Check engine indicator light on the dashboard panel.

That way, the driver can find out that his vehicle has malfunctioned and action is needed to make repairs to prevent system failure while operating.

That's the article about the ECU function that ombro can convey, hopefully it can be useful.

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5 functions of the clutch on the vehicle

5 functions of the clutch on the vehicle

July 12, 2022

The clutch is a component in the vehicle that enters the drive train system (or power transfer system). The power transfer system in a vehicle consists of several components, namely the clutch (clutch), transmission (transmission), propeller shaft (propeller shaft), axle (differential), axle shaft (axle shaft) and drive shaft.

The position of the clutch itself in vehicles is generally installed between the engine and transmission. The clutch on the vehicle has a variety of important functions so that it can make the driving experience more comfortable and safe

In the following article, ombro will share information about the function of the clutch (clutch) on the vehicle. Check out the function of the clutch (clutch) below.

1. Connecting and disconnecting rotation from engine to transmission

The function of the clutch on a vehicle is first and foremost to connect and disconnect the engine speed to the transmission.

The rotary power generated by the engine through the working process of the engine must be properly disconnected or connected by the clutch device in accordance with the command from the driver by pressing the clutch pedal. With the clutch, the car engine can stay alive and spin when the car is stopped (still).

2. Makes it easier to shift the transmission gear

The function of the clutch on the second vehicle is to facilitate the process of shifting the transmission gear, whether done when the car is stopped or when the car is running. Yes, by temporarily disconnecting the engine speed to the transmission, this will make the input shaft rotation rate on the transmission will also decrease.

With the help of a manual transmission component called synchromesh, the rotational speed of the transmission gear can be reduced further so that the rotation of the two gears that will move becomes the same and in rhythm.

When the engine speed is interrupted, and the rotation between the gears in the transmission has decreased and rotates in rhythm, the process of shifting the transmission gear will become easier. Both when shifting gears to a higher level or to a lower gear.

3. Stopping the car without putting the shift lever to the neutral position

The function of the clutch on the third vehicle is to stop the car without positioning the shift lever to the neutral position.

Yes, when the clutch pedal is stepped on and the clutch works to disconnect the rotation from the engine to the transmission, the car's speed will decrease due to the loss of rotational power in the transmission input shaft even though the transmission lever is still in gear.

As a result, no engine power is channeled to the transmission-propeller shaft-axle-wheel. This condition will stop the car speed without positioning the transmission bag into a neutral position.

4. Freeing the vehicle from the engine brake condition

The function of the clutch on the fourth vehicle is to free the vehicle from the engine brake condition. Yes, as we know, when driving, the use of the engine brake can be created by itself without us knowing it.

Sometimes in driving, we are too far down in lowering gears, for example from 4th to 2nd gear. This condition will create a fairly hard engine brake.

By pressing the clutch pedal and activating this clutch function, the car will be free from the engine brake condition. This of course can protect against damage to the transmission due to negligence when shifting gears.

5. So that the vehicle can move smoothly when it starts running

The function of the clutch on the last vehicle Ombro knew was to make the vehicle move smoothly when it started running.

The clutch ensures that the process of connecting the engine speed to the transmission can be done quickly and gently because the clutch itself is designed to be able to withstand the difference in rotation between the two components (engine and transmission) which often stomps during the connection process. The ability of the clutch will make the vehicle can move smoothly, especially when starting to run.

Feeler Gauge Function And How To Use It

Feeler Gauge Function And How To Use It

June 03, 2022

 One of the many measuring tools used in carrying out car maintenance or repair is the Feeler gauge. Feeler gauge or also called thickness gauge is a measuring instrument made of thin steel sheets whose thickness is very precise and has several different thickness variations.

The level of accuracy possessed by this feeler gauge can reach 1/100 mm (0.01 mm) with thickness levels varying from 0.01 mm to 1.00 mm. The thickness value of each steel sheet on this feeler gauge is generally printed on the steel sheet.

The function of the feeler gauge is to measure the thickness of the gap between two components that are in contact with each other. Here are some uses of the feeler gauge that are often used to measure gaps in car components, namely:

• Measuring valve clearance (Valve Clearance)
• Measuring the surface bend of the cylinder head
• Platinum gap (contact point)
• Spark plug gap (spark plug head gap)
• And others

How to use a feeler gauge is also quite easy, namely by preparing a gap in the component to be measured. Then insert a feeler gauge in the gap.

The order of using a feeler gauge is good, starting with the sheet with the thinnest thickness first, if the gap is still wide, replace it with a sheet with a larger thickness value. Take measurements until you get a thickness where the feeler gauge sheet can fit into the gap but is not pinched.

If it is used as a valve clearance adjustment, then first determine the thickness of the valve gap according to the manufacturer's recommended specifications, and then select the thickness according to the specification value.

Install the feeler gauge in the valve gap then adjust the valve clearance adjustment bolt. The adjustment indicator is appropriate if the feeler gauge that is inserted into the gap feels a bit tight when pulled and feels a little bit of resistance.

Pay attention to the following points when measuring the gap with a feeler gauge

• Use a feeler gauge that is clean and free of dirt. The presence of dirt on the feeler gauge can affect the accuracy of the measurement value.
• Clean the surface of the gap of the component to be measured to get an accurate measurement result.
• Carefully insert the feeler gauge into the component gap. Do not use a feeler gauge that is bent, rusted or damaged.
• If in one measuring feeler blade is still not enough, you can combine several blades as needed but a few blades will be better.

That's the article about the feeler gauge function and how to use it that ombro can convey, hopefully it can be useful.

Car spark plug wrench model and size

Car spark plug wrench model and size

June 03, 2022

Spark plug wrench is one of the workshop tools that serves to remove and install spark plugs on gasoline-fueled cars. The spark plug wrench is actually a special service tool because its use is only devoted to opening the spark plug according to the size of the existing spark plug.

Even so, in practice, spark plug keys are also commonly provided in cars when we buy a new car. Generally placed together with other tool sets. With the spark plug key in the car tool set, when there is an engine problem, we can use the spark plug wrench to open the spark plug for inspection.

Now in our article this time, ombro will share information about workshop tools, namely about the model and size of car spark plug keys that are commonly used in car workshops. The following models and sizes of car spark plug locks.

1. Car spark plug wrench size

So far, in general, spark plug locks are divided into 2 sizes, namely 16 mm and 20.8 mm. These two sizes of spark plug wrench are sizes commonly used in most car engines circulating in Indonesia.

The size of this spark plug wrench can be measured from the spark plug on the part made of metal with a hexagonal shape, which is generally located in the middle of the spark plug body. This size will also affect the size of the spark plug wrench that will be used. Pay attention to the size of the spark plug which will affect the selection of the socket / spark plug wrench as shown below

The size of the spark plug wrench of 16 mm tends to be used more in passenger cars, from sedans to low MPVs, while the size of the spark plug wrench of 20.8 mm is used more in MPV type passenger cars and some SUVs.

2. Spark plug wrench model

In addition to having different sizes, spark plug wrenches also have different models. The more quality the spark plug wrench provided, the more expensive the price offered. The following models of spark plug locks are widely offered in the automotive tool market:

Ratchet spark plug wrench

This ratchet spark plug wrench is a spark plug wrench which is generally offered as a set which consists of a spark plug socket wrench of size 16 and 20.8mm, a flexible ratchet and an extension bar. Look at the example as shown below.

T model spark plug wrench

In addition to the ratchet model, a spark plug wrench is also available for the flexible T model. This spark plug wrench is shaped like the letter T with a spark plug socket at the end which is generally made flexible. The following is an example of a T . model spark plug wrench

Pipe style spark plug wrench

The last spark plug wrench is a pipe wrench. This spark plug wrench is shaped like a pipe sleeve with a hexagon shape at the end according to the size of the spark plug, and at the other end there is a hole to insert the stem to turn the spark plug wrench. Take a look at an example like the image below:

Of the three key models above, the ratchet spark plug wrench has better capabilities than other models, however, the price offered by this model is also more expensive than the T and pipe models.

In addition to the existing models, the spark plug wrench also has a different model for the spark plug lock, namely using a magnet and using rubber. The function of this magnet or rubber is to make it easier when installing or removing spark plugs from the engine which is installed in the engine sleeve.

That's the article about the model and size of the spark plug wrench that Ombro can convey, hopefully it's useful.

Know the 2 types of engine cooling systems

Know the 2 types of engine cooling systems

June 03, 2022

 The engine cooling system in vehicles is a system that functions to keep the engine temperature and temperature in ideal conditions.

Yes. Many car engines currently use engines with an internal combustion system, where the process of generating engine power is produced through the combustion of fuel and air in the engine cylinders.

The continuous combustion process will increase the temperature and working temperature of the engine. Without an engine cooling system, the engine becomes inefficient, wasteful and causes damage to the engine components inside.

Here are 2 types of engine cooling systems that are widely used in vehicles, see the article about 2 types of engine cooling systems below.

1. Air conditioning system

Machines with air cooling systems are machines that use air / wind directly to reduce the heat and working temperature of the engine.

The engine that uses this air cooling system has a design on the engine cylinder and cylinder head that adds cooling fins around the engine body. The engine cooling fins are installed together with the engine cylinder body and become an integral part of the engine.

These cooling fins serve to expand the contact area between the engine and the surrounding air so that the heat release process from the engine can take place more quickly.

Take a look at the image of an air-cooled engine example below

In an engine with an air cooling system, the heat generated from combustion in the engine cylinder partially propagates out through the cooling fins. The heat that propagates to the cooling fins of this engine will then be absorbed by the outside air whose temperature is much lower than the temperature in the cooling fins.

However, the air used to absorb heat from the cooling fins must continue to flow. In addition, the required air flow speed must also be proportional to the engine rotation speed so that the ideal working temperature of the engine can be achieved and cooling can continue optimally.

Therefore, to anticipate overheating when the air flow is reduced (such as when conditions are jammed and moving slowly), some engines have a blower fan installed to maintain the flow of air that flows between the cooling fins.

Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of machines with air conditioning systems:

Advantages of the air conditioning system engine:

1. Has a more compact engine design
2. Has a lighter engine weight compared to water-cooled engines
3. Easier to maintain

Disadvantages of air conditioning systems:

1. The cooling process is influenced by the speed of the vehicle so that it has the potential to overheat when road conditions are jammed.
2. Only suitable for use on small capacity machines

Due to its conspicuous shortcomings when used in car engines, engines with air cooling systems are becoming less popular nowadays. Machines with this air conditioning system are more commonly found in old cars from the 1950s to 2000s, such as the VW frog type 1 and type 4, Fiat 126, Honda 1300, Citroen GS and GSA, and others. other.

2. Water cooling system

Machines with a water cooling system are machines that use water / liquid coolant directly to absorb heat and the engine's working temperature. Machines with a water cooling system have a more complicated machine construction compared to machines with an air cooling system.

This is because the parts of the engine cylinder (especially those that produce engine heat) must be covered with cooling water on the outside so that on the outside of the cylinder wall there must be a water jacket (water coat) as a place for coolant to flow and absorb engine heat. Look at the image of an example of a machine with a water cooling system below.

The working principle for machines that use this water cooling system is to utilize the flow of cold water to absorb engine heat. Cooling water that has been used to absorb heat will flow to the radiator components to cool the temperature again. And cold water from the radiator will flow into the engine.

After the water temperature in the radiator cools down, the cooler water will flow back into the engine to absorb heat again and so on.

For more details about how the water cooling system works and the names of its components, you can read it in the following article:

Here are the advantages and disadvantages of machines with a water cooling system

Advantages of machines with water cooling system:

1. The process of cooling the engine temperature can take place at any time without being affected by the speed and speed of the vehicle
2. The engine reaches the ideal engine working temperature faster
3. More efficient fuel consumption
4. Can be used on large capacity engines

Disadvantages of machines with a water cooling system:

1. Machine construction is more complicated and prone to liquid leakage
2. Requires extra care and maintenance of the cooling system
3. Requires more components for water cooling system.

Even so, this engine with a water cooling system has the ability and advantages that are able to maintain the durability of the vehicle during use so that the engine with a water cooling system is more widely used in today's cars.

That's the article t

Avoid 5 mistakes in driving an automatic car

Avoid 5 mistakes in driving an automatic car

June 03, 2022

 Driving with an automatic car is indeed more fun and easy because we only need to control the steering wheel, brakes, and gas without playing too much on the gear lever and stepping on the clutch.

Although it is easy to operate, to drive an automatic car there are also rules that must be observed. One of them is the operation of the gear lever and its position with the current road conditions.

Operating errors in driving an automatic car can be very detrimental, ranging from damage to the transmission to the risk of an accident that can cost a lot of money.

In the following article, ombro will tell you 5 mistakes in driving an automatic car that you shouldn't do. Check out 5 mistakes in driving an automatic car below.

1. Using N position when going downhill

The first mistake in driving an automatic car is using the N (Neutral) position when driving on a downhill road. Never try to go down a steep road with the automatic transmission lever in neutral.

When the automatic transmission is in a neutral position, none of the transmission components work following the rotation of the car's wheels, resulting in a situation where the wheels rotate faster than the transmission gear rotation.

The rotation of the wheels that are faster than the rotation of the transmission shaft can damage the components in the transmission directly, so that the automatic transmission can immediately break down on the spot.

This method, besides being able to damage the components of the automatic transmission, is also very dangerous for the safety of yourself, passengers, or other drivers around you.

Yes, the rotation of the wheels that slide down the road cannot be controlled by the engine and transmission rotation. As a result, the entire load and speed of the car when sliding is only held by the car's brake components.

Using the brakes for too long and continuously will result in a vapor lock event, namely, the appearance of air bubbles in the brake system lines due to heat in the disc brake components.

The presence of a vapor lock can make the brakes become unstable and the vehicle becomes difficult to stop or control.

2. Move to P or R before the car actually stops

The second mistake in driving an automatic car is moving the lever to the P (Park) or R (Reverse) position before the car actually stops completely. This condition generally often occurs when conditions want to park but are carried out in a hurry.

When the wheels of the car are still turning, it will rotate the inside of the automatic transmission components. When the lever is immediately moved to the P (park) position while still rotating, the parking mechanism in this transmission can be broken or broken due to holding the rotation that occurs. This condition also applies equally to the R (reverse) position.

Therefore, before moving the automatic shift lever to the P or R position, make sure that the car is completely stopped and that there is no forward or backward movement of the wheels.

3. Move to D from N suddenly while pressing the gas pedal deeply

The third mistake in driving an automatic car is moving the lever to position D (Drive) from position N (Neutral) suddenly while pressing the gas pedal deeply. This condition often occurs when in a hurry to go after stopping at a red light.

However, this method is not very good and can damage the components of the automatic transmission. Yes, transmission oil still takes time to make the clutch and gear components work.

When the engine speed is too fast and the lever is moved suddenly, this clutch component will wear out quickly and slip due to the automatic transmission oil that has not fully entered the clutch component.

Besides being able to make the clutch components slip, this method also often damages the automatic transmission oil because the friction that occurs often creates residue that will damage the automatic oil.

Read also:

4. Stay in position D while waiting for a red light

The fourth mistake in driving an automatic car is to leave the transmission lever in position D (Drive) while waiting in line at a red light.

When position D, the components in the transmission will continue to work and rotate to the wheels. However, because the wheels are held by the brakes and the rotation that occurs in the transmission is not too strong, the car will still stop and stay in place.

This condition will gradually cause slippage between the clutches in the automatic transmission so that the transmission can be damaged quickly due to slippage.

Therefore, when waiting and stopping at a red light, move the gear lever to the Neutral position to prevent damage caused by the slip.

5. Using left foot to press brake pedal

The fifth mistake in driving an automatic car is using your left foot to press the brake pedal. This is actually just a habit factor, but the effects can be fatal.

The feeling to press with the left foot will be different from the right foot, especially if you used to use a manual transmission car before, where the left foot is used to press the clutch pedal.

This difference in feeling can be dangerous when used to press the brake pedal. The car can stop suddenly in the middle of the road suddenly due to an error in feeling when pressing the brake pedal.

This condition can be dangerous if it occurs on a road with quite busy traffic at high speed, such as on a toll road for example.

Instead, only use the right foot to operate the brake pedal and gas pedal. Use your left foot to press the brake pedal only in emergency situations, such as when going back from a stopped position on a steep incline and jammed roads.

Thus 5 mistakes in driving an automatic car that should not be done so that the automatic transmission can be more durable and the trip can be safer and more comfortable.

What are the vise functions, types of vise, and how to use them?

What are the vise functions, types of vise, and how to use them?

June 03, 2022

 In car repair shops, vise is one of the most important hand tools. With the vise, the process of tidying the workpiece becomes easier and the results are also better.

The vise function is a tool used to clamp and grip the workpiece during mechanical work such as grinding, filing, cutting, sculpting, or smoothing the workpiece.

With a vise, we can clamp the workpiece firmly so that it does not easily shake, shift, or be released during the work process such as grinding, filing, cutting, etc. so that the resulting work can be neat and accurate. In its use, vise is often installed and placed on a strong and sturdy work bench / work table.

Vise parts and components

In general, vise are made of strong and sturdy cast iron or wrought iron, at the end we often find a handle that can be rotated to move the vise jaw. The picture below shows some of the vise components and their functions

Caption

• Sliding jaw ; The jaws of the workpiece clamp will also shift when the rotating handle / lever is rotated.
• Fixed jaw ; Fixed workpiece clamping jaw that does not shift when the turning lever is turned.
• Anvil ; The workpiece holder is often used to help place the workpiece when needed.
• Sliders; The part that is connected with the sliding jaw and ensures the sliding position of the sliding jaw remains straight.
• Base (Sat) ; The part of the vise that is used as a base to be tied to a work bench / work table so that the vise can be tied firmly and firmly.
• Handle (Level player) ; The part of the vise that is used to shift the sliding jaw by turning the handle. Turn the handle to the left then the sliding jaw will open, turn it to the right the sliding jaw will close.
• Screw: The part of the handle which has a thread in it so that when it is rotated it can shift the sliding jaw.

How Ragum works

The way the vise works is based on the movement of the handle and threaded rod. When the handle is rotated to the left, it will rotate the threaded rod to the left. At the same time, the sliding jaw will shift backwards so that both jaws (sliding and fixed) are opened and the workpiece can be removed from the vise clamp.

When the handle is rotated to the right, the threaded rod will also rotate to the right (clockwise). At the same time, the sliding jaw will move forward so that both jaws become closed. That way, the vise can be used to clamp the workpiece.

How to use vise

To use a vise, there are several things that need to be considered in order to avoid damage to the workpiece and work accidents whose consequences can be detrimental. Here's how to use a vise.

1. Ensure that the vise height does not exceed the worker's elbow when the worker is standing upright in front of the vise and the workbench.
2. Pay attention to the workpiece to be clamped, use additional protection on the clamping jaws so as not to damage the body of the workpiece when clamped in a vise.
3. Turn the vise handle to the left (counterclockwise) to open the sliding jaw.
4. Install the workpiece right in the middle between the sliding jaw and the fixed jaw
5. Turn the vise handle to the right (clockwise) to clamp the workpiece.
6. Press the handle just enough to secure the vise clamp against the workpiece.
7. The workpiece has been clamped and is ready for the next job.

Types of vise

The following types of vise are commonly used in automotive workshops

1. Ordinary Vise (Plain Vise)

This regular vise is a common vise that is most commonly found in automotive repair shops. This vise is commonly used to clamp workpieces that are simple in shape and are usually only used for milling flat surfaces.

Yes, there is nothing special about this vise because in use it is enough to just turn the handle, either to clamp or release the clamp to the workpiece.

2. Swivel vise (Swivel Vise)

This swivel vise has a shape like a regular vise but has the advantage that this vise can be rotated according to our needs. Yes, this swivel vise is a vise which at the base (base) can be rotated 360 degrees. At the base, there is often a degree scale that is used as a guide in determining the required angle.

3. Universal Vise

Universal vise (Universal Vise) is a vise that has a shape like a regular vise, but has the advantage that it can be rotated about the horizontal and vertical axes. Yes, at the base of the vise, this vise can be rotated 360 degrees while for the vertical axis, this vise has a vertical swivel angle of up to 90 degrees.

In this way, the workpiece clamping process can.