Tittle : ECU function on car
link : ECU function on car
ECU function on car
ECU stands for Electronic Control Unit. In general, the working principle of the ECU is similar to the working principle of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of a computer. Receive input, process input data, then issue output.
In vehicles, the ECU will calculate the data or information obtained from various existing sensors. Then the ECU will process the received data for further action by running the actuators which are also installed on the vehicle.
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| ECU function on car |
That way, all engine working conditions can be controlled by the ECU so that the goal of getting optimal engine performance, fuel efficiency, and low emissions can be achieved without compromising driving comfort.
Well, in the following article, ombro will tell you what the functions of the ECU are on the car. Check out the ECU function on the car below:
1. Regulate the need for fuel supply for the engine
The function of the ECU in the first car is to regulate the need for fuel supply for the engine from before it starts until it is used for driving such as during acceleration, deceleration, idling to when the vehicle is used for heavy loads.
The ECU will control the entire injection time and the volume of fuel used by the engine. This setting is done through an actuator that we have known as an injector. Open and close the injector valve is controlled by the ECU, the duration of the valve opening will affect the volume of fuel injected.
In addition, the ECU also regulates the fuel pump in the tank to maintain the fuel pressure to be injected by the injector.
2. Set the ignition timing of the spark plugs (igniton timing)
The next function of the ECU is to adjust and control the ignition timing of the spark plugs (ignition timing). In order for the engine to start and work normally in every engine working condition, the spark ignition timing must be set such that for example during acceleration, the ECU will advance the spark ignition timing to compensate for the increase in engine rpm.
That way, the combustion that occurs in the engine cylinder remains close to perfect ideal combustion. This means that the power generated by the engine can also be maintained. The part that is controlled directly by the ECU to regulate the ignition timing of this spark plug is the igniter and car coil.
3. Adjust the engine idling speed
The third function of the ECU is to adjust the idling speed. This idling speed needs to be adjusted to keep the engine running after changes in engine speed and load occur. The ECU directly controls the Idle speed control servo (intake air valve) component in the throttle body.
This idle speed control servo will open the vent cap for idling speed in the throttle body to suit the needs of the engine. From here, the engine idling speed is always regulated by the ECU to remain stable despite changes in engine load rotation while the engine is running.
4. Regulate exhaust emissions
Another function of the ECU is to regulate the exhaust emission system of the vehicle. Car engines were developed to be environmentally friendly with less pollution. One of them is the control and correction of exhaust emissions in vehicle engines.
The ECU will check the level of oxygen that comes out of the exhaust gases flowing in the exhaust manifold. If less, then the ECU will control the amount of fuel injected to make less and create more oxygen content than before.
Vice versa, if the oxygen content in the exhaust gas is more, the ECU will regulate fuel injection to create optimal engine power. The sensor used by the ECU for this function is the oxygen sensor.
5. Adjust valve opening time according to engine condition
The fifth function of the ECU is to adjust the valve opening time according to the engine rpm rotation conditions. We know this technology as VVTi, MIVEC, VTEC, and others.
By using the Oil Control Valve, the ECU controls the time and duration of the valve opening both intake and exhaust at each engine working steps according to the current rotation so that more optimum engine power is obtained.
6. Integration and coordination with other computers in the car
The sixth function of the ECU is to integrate and coordinate with various other computers in the car for different systems. As it is known that in modern cars, you can now find more than 2 control units in one vehicle such as automatic transmission computers, ABS computers, SRS Airbag computers, and so on.
Here are some examples of computers on other systems that are integrated and coordinated with the ECU
Automatic Transmission Control Unit ; coordination to arrange automatic transmission
ABS Control Unit; coordination to regulate ABS brake work
SRS airbag control unit; coordination tour work SRS airbag
HSA Control units; coordination to arrange hill start assist
Immobilizer Control Unit; coordination to arrange car key identification
Stability Control Unit ; coordination to regulate vehicle stability
7. Information center to the driver if there is a malfunction
The next function of the ECU is as an information center to the driver in the event of a malfunction in the system and components controlled by the ECU. The ECU will give an error signal in the form of the Check engine indicator light on the dashboard panel.
That way, the driver can find out that his vehicle has malfunctioned and action is needed to make repairs to prevent system failure while operating.
That's the article about the ECU function that ombro can convey, hopefully it can be useful.
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Such is the Article ECU function on car
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